My research falls under two headings: landscape and environmental history, particularly of upland areas; and the local and regional identity in northern England, especially Cumbria. The focus of my work lies at the interface between past human societies and their environments at local and regional level, using Cumbria and elsewhere in northern England as the laboratory in which to explore questions and test hypotheses. My particular interests are the appropriation and exploitation of land in the medieval and early-modern periods and I am keen to offer a distinctive upland and northern perspective to balance the predominantly lowland, southern models of rural landscape history.
Much of my recent work has been on the history of resource management on common land and, in particular, the role of manor courts. My study of manor court byelaws and the management of common land, published as The Harvest of the Hills (2000),led on to further work on the records of manorial administration, including the Cumbrian Manorial Records Project. It has also been developed further in the 'Contested Common Land' project, a major project in collaboration with Newcastle Law School, which formed part of the AHRC Landscape & Environment Programme. I am now embarking on a project on Village Byelaws, building a corpus of byelaws from medieval and early modern northern England in order to analyse environmental management strategies by local communities, and to enable comparisons with byelaws from elsewhere in Britain and continental Europe.
Another strand of my research focuses on the history of Cumbria. In particular, I have prepared scholarly editions of key archival sources for the history of the region. My edition of Thomas Denton's Perambulation of Cumberland, 1687-8 (published in 2003) has made accessible one of the most detailed 17th-century topographical descriptions of an English county, while my edition of John Denton's History of Cumberland (published in 2010) provides a modern scholarly edition of the earliest attempt at a history of the county, compiledc.1600. I am also taking the lead in the Victoria County History of Cumbria project, which aims to embark on researching and writing the history of every community in the county.
The Diary of Isaac Fletcher of Underwood, Cumberland, 1756-1781 (Kendal: Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society, 1994)
The Harvest of the Hills: Rural Life in Northern England and the Scottish Borders 1400-1700 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2000)
With Mary Wane, Thomas Denton: a Perambulation of Cumberland 1687-1688, including Westmorland, the Isle of Man and Ireland (Woodbridge: Boydell and Brewer for the Surtees Society and the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society, 2003)
with Alan Crosby, England's Landscape 8: The North West (London: HarperCollins for English Heritage, 2006)
John Denton's History of Cumberland(Woodbridge: Boydell and Brewer for the Surtees Society and the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society, 2010)
Other Recent Publications
(editor) with Ian D. Whyte, Society, Landscape and Environment in Upland Britain (Society for Landscape Studies, Supplementary series 2), Birmingham: Society for Landscape Studies, 2005
'The Moorland Forests of Medieval England', in I.D. Whyte and A.J.L. Winchester (eds.), Society, Landscape and Environment in Upland Britain (2005), 21-34.
'Regional Identity in the Lake Counties: Land Tenure and the Cumbrian Landscape', Northern History, XLII (1) (2005), 29-48.
'Baronial and manorial deer parks in medieval Cumbria' in Robert Liddiard (ed.), The Medieval Deer Park: new perspectives (Windgather Press, 2007)
'Early estate structures in Cumbria and Lancashire', Medieval Settlement Research23 (2008), 14-21.
(with Eleanor A Straughton) 'Stints and sustainability: managing stock levels on common land in England, c.1600-2006', Agricultural History Review 58 (1) (2010), 29-47.
(with C. P. Rodgers, E. A. Straughton and M. Pieraccini) Contested Common Land: environmental governance, past and present (London: Earthscan Ltd) (expected to be published late 2010)
'Property rights, "good neighbourhood" and sustainability: the management of common land in England and Wales, 1235-1965', in B. van Bavel and E. Thoen (eds.), Property Rights to Land, Social Structures and Fragile Environments (Brepols)
'Vaccaries and agistment: upland medieval forests as grazing grounds', in J. Langton and G. Jones (eds), Forests and Chases of England and Wales to c. 1500 (Oxford: St John's College) [in press]
'Seasonal settlement in northern England: shieling place-names revisited' in S. Turner and R. Silvester (eds), Life in Medieval Landscapes: people and places in medieval Englandi (Oxford: Oxbow)